22nd AIAI 2026, 16 - 19 July 2026, Chania, Crete, Greece

Data-Driven Fire-Zone Segmentation for Improved Short-Term Wildfire Prediction

Caron Nicolas, Guyeux Christophe, Noura Hassan, Aynes Benjamin

Abstract:

  Wildfire prediction models typically discretize study areas into uniform grids, ignoring the heterogeneous spatial distribution of ignitions. We challenge this paradigm by showing that \emph{how} data is discretized matters more than \emph{which} model is used. We propose an unsupervised fire-zone segmentation algorithm combining watershed detection with K-means clustering to define prediction units directly from historical fire patterns. Experiments across six French departments and six forecasting models show that fire-zone segmentation consistently outperforms grid-based approaches, with mean IoU improvements of +3--6\% depending on spatial scale. The method is computationally lightweight ($<$10s per configuration) and fully parallelizable. Our results demonstrate that optimizing spatial discretization yields significant, reproducible performance gains for short-term wildfire forecasting. Code will be released on GitHub.  

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