| The shift from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 represents a significant transformation in industrial ecosystems, prioritizing human-machine collaboration, sustainability, and ethical Artificial Intelligence (AI). This paper provides a concise overview of the crucial role played by the Internet of Things (IoT) in advancing Digital Twin (DT) technology, particularly in improving three-dimensional modeling capabilities. IoT-driven DTs facilitate adaptive, efficient, and sustainable industrial operations by integrating real-time data, utilizing predictive analytics, and supporting smart manufacturing. Unlike Industry 4.0, which focuses on automation and cyber-physical systems, Industry 5.0 reintroduces human intelligence to ensure that technological progress aligns with ethical, social, and environmental considerations. This survey examines challenges such as scalability, interoperability, energy efficiency, and cybersecurity while exploring innovations like cognitive DTs, 5G-powered IoT networks, and AI-driven decision-making. Additionally, it highlights key technological advancements, including edge computing, neuro-symbolic and conversational AI, blockchain for secure data management, and eco-friendly IoT solutions, paving the way for a resilient, human-centric industrial future. |
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